Home equity guide
Everything a homeowner should know before the call, in plain English. No jargon, no sales pitch.

What home equity actually is
Your equity is your home's current market value minus everything you owe against it. If the house would sell for $420,000 and you owe $260,000, you have $160,000 in equity. It grows two ways: every mortgage payment you make, and every rise in what the house is worth.
Equity vs. "tappable" equity
Lenders don't let you borrow against all of it. Most cap combined borrowing at around 80–85% of the home's value, so a slice always stays in the house. The amount above that cap is what the industry calls tappable. In the example above, at an 80% cap: $336,000 limit, minus $260,000 owed, leaves about $76,000 you could realistically borrow.
Nationally, homeowners with a mortgage held about $11.7 trillion in tappable equity as of mid-2026, according to ICE Mortgage Technology data cited by ATTOM — a reminder that this is an ordinary thing, not a niche one.
Equity calculator
Two numbers in, one number out. This is an estimate to help you think; a licensed lending partner confirms the real figure.
Three ways to use it
| Option | You get | First mortgage | Usually best when |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home equity loan | Lump sum, fixed payment | Unchanged | You know the amount |
| HELOC | A line to draw on | Unchanged | Costs arrive over time |
| Cash-out refinance | New, larger mortgage, cash at closing | Replaced | Today's rate beats yours |
Glossary
- Combined loan-to-value (CLTV)
- Everything you owe against the house, divided by its value. Lenders cap this.
- Second lien / second mortgage
- Any loan secured by your home that sits behind your first mortgage. HELOCs and home equity loans are second liens.
- Draw period
- The years during which you can borrow from a HELOC.
- Appraisal
- A licensed valuation of your home, which the lender uses instead of your guess.
- Soft pull / hard pull
- A soft credit check doesn't affect your score; a hard one can, slightly. Ask which the lending partner uses and when.
- NMLS ID
- The licence number every mortgage lender and loan officer must hold. Look it up at nmlsconsumeraccess.org.